Nuclear Area

Reactor ETRR-2 de Egipto

Introduction

The ETRR-2 reactor, built by INVAP for the Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt (AEA), is located at Inshas, 60 km northwest form Cairo, Egypt. It is a multipurpose reactor, intended for radioisotope production, and is used for research activities in the fields of neutron physics, materials science, nuclear fuel and boron neutron capture therapy.

Outside view of the ETRR-2 Reactor built by INVAP for the Egyptian government
Its predecessor, the ETRR-1 reactor, of soviet manufacture, started to operate in 1961.  The ETRR-2, with its varied installations, laboratories and peripheral systems is a key tool for the continuous education and training of scientists and engineers.  Furthermore, it allows Egypt to supply its domestic market with medical materials.

 

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Technical Description

Main Features

The distribution of the reactor core and its associated control and safety systems is based on the following design criteria:

  • Upward cooling flow.
  • Free access to the top of the reactor pool while reactor is in full operation.
  • Easy access to the reactor cor form the top of the pool
  • Control and safety rods drives are located below the reactor tank.
  • The reactor shutdown system consists of two different and independent systems: control and  safety rods and gadolinium injection.
  • Cooling of the core during shutdown is by natural circulation of the pool water through the core.
  • Water injection system to protect against LOCA consequences.

Safety

The ETRR-2 design and construction features ensure an effective protection for the reactor personnel, the general public and the environment against radiological hazards.  The reactor incorporates inherent safety features, that rely only on intrinsic physical principles, and do not require actuation of any equipment.

The plant has ample safety margins and complies with all safety standards and guidelines of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Besides, several levels of protection and multiple physical barriers are provided to prevent radioactive releases. The defense in depth and ALARA principles have been applied in the design of the reactor.

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